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The constraint at the center of Europe's AI deliberations is data.
The continent faces difficult choices on artificial intelligence, and the sharpest case taking shape in that debate is that data sovereignty is the single domain where Europe can still assert genuine control, and where the growth potential is greatest.
Where the leverage sits in the stack Every stage of a production AI system depends on the quality, scale, and legal provenance of the underlying data.
A jurisdiction that controls the data layer retains real leverage even when it does not own the frontier models running above it.
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