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Ballistic missiles fly a high-arc trajectory divided into three phases: boost, midcourse, and terminal approach.
Each phase opens a distinct interception window, and a successful defense depends on sensor coverage and fire-control handoffs across every transition. Iran tested that chain against U.S.
forces in the Middle East in a surprise strike, and U.S. Central Command, posting on X, stated that every incoming missile was intercepted. The interception problem The constraint in ballistic missile defense is time.
Boost phase offers the widest engagement window but requires proximity to the launch point. Midcourse, the longest phase, depends on precise radar handoffs across sensor networks that can span allied platforms.
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