Chronic inflammation can contribute to rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, inflammatory bowel disease, and cardiovascular disease, according to the National Institutes of Health. Jim LaValle, a clinical pharmacist and metabolic medicine expert based in Texas, told Fox News Digital that managing this condition requires attention to factors beyond injury and infection, including the gut-immune-brain connection. This pathway involves communication between gut microbes, the immune system, and the central nervous system, which can influence the body's inflammatory response.
LaValle identified stress as a primary driver of these issues. He noted that cortisol, a hormone released during stressful periods, can "wreak havoc on your chemistry" when levels remain elevated. Chronic stress may also compromise the intestinal barrier, allowing substances to pass through more easily in a condition often referred to as "leaky gut." This increased permeability can trigger or worsen digestive symptoms in some individuals. LaValle explained that high stress levels can make people more prone to irritable bowel issues.
Dietary choices also play a significant role in gut health and inflammation. LaValle stated that diets high in sugar, fat, and ultraprocessed foods can negatively affect the gut. He suggested that tracking which foods trigger symptoms such as bloating, rashes, or discomfort may help identify potential sensitivities or intolerances, though these symptoms can have other causes. Certain medications, including antibiotics, may also alter the gut microbiome, with effects varying by drug and individual.
Maintaining healthy blood sugar levels is another key factor in managing inflammation. LaValle pointed out that conditions like diabetes and insulin resistance are frequently associated with chronic inflammation. He noted that research suggests GLP-1 medications, commonly prescribed for type 2 diabetes and obesity, may have anti-inflammatory effects. Scientists are currently investigating other potential benefits of these drugs beyond weight loss and blood sugar control.
Environmental exposures, or the "exposome," can also influence inflammation and chronic disease risk according to the National Institutes of Health. LaValle highlighted emerging research on how "forever chemicals," microplastics, metals, and pesticides may affect weight and blood sugar regulation. He added that many people do not consider how these environmental factors could trigger inflammatory signaling.
Physical activity supports overall health, but LaValle cautioned that intense workouts without adequate recovery time can add stress to the body. He warned that training hard every day without sufficient rest can lead to silent inflammatory signaling due to elevated cortisol levels. Individuals concerned about chronic inflammation or experiencing persistent symptoms should consult a doctor to determine the underlying cause and appropriate treatment.